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A Domestic Servant Sues for her Son (1735)
Indentured servitude was common in Spanish colonized areas of North America. Indentured servitude was a system of labor in which a person had to work for four to seven years without pay in exchange for passage to the “New World.” Employers were [...]
AFL Member Expresses Worry About Women in Industry (1897)
Toward the end of the nineteenth century, many Americans worried about the social and economic consequences of the visibly growing numbers of women employed in U.S. factories. The American Federationist, a publication of the American Federation of [...]
Women in the Workplace Discussion
This lesson puts two primary sources in conversation with one another and encourages students to compare the authors’ perspectives on women in various industries in the late 19th century.
Women Appeal for a Suffrage Amendment (with text supports)
Some suffrage activists were disappointed that the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution did not include women’s right to vote. Susan B. Anthony and others formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), based in Washington, D.C., to [...]
Petition from the Citizens of Massachusetts in Support of Women’s Suffrage
During the 1870s and 1880s, hundreds of petitions bearing the signatures of thousands of people flooded Congress, asking for a suffrage amendment. Local activists went door-to-door in their communities, gathering the signatures of sympathetic women [...]
Women Appeal for a Suffrage Amendment
Some suffrage activists were disappointed that the 15th Amendment did not explicitly protect women’s right to vote. Susan B. Anthony and others formed the National Woman Suffrage Association, based in Washington, D.C., to pressure Congress to pass [...]
A Civil Rights Organizer Condemns "Jane Crow"
Pauli Murray entered law school in 1941 with the "single-minded intention of destroying Jim Crow." Though on the frontlines of civil rights demonstrations and behind the scenes of many organizational meetings since the 1940s, Murray and other [...]
A Feminist Draws Parallels Between African Americans' and Women's Rights
The March on Washington and other demonstrations finally brought Congress close to passing a sweeping civil rights bill in 1964. At the last moment, and to the surprise of many, "sex" was added to the clause that would prevent employment [...]
Penalties for Sex Offenses in the U.S., 1964
As part of their activism, the Mattachine Society, an early gay rights organization in the United States founded in 1950, attempted to spread awareness to both the public and to LGBTQ+ individuals about the ways in which same sex activities were [...]
Lavender Scare: Hoey Committee Final Report
In the years after World War II, the U.S. government launched the second “Red Scare,†when individuals such as Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin instigated widespread panic regarding the spread of communism. Along with communists, [...]