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Female Union Members Challenge Post-War Job Discrimination
When World War II ended, the large numbers of women who had taken industrial jobs during the war were forced out. Employers sought not only to give their jobs to returning veterans, but also to reassert the division of labor that had operated [...]
Women Workers Protest the Loss of Jobs at Ford Motor Co.
When World War II ended, Ford Motor Company's Highland Park plant, like industrial manufacturers across the country, laid off thousands of women workers and replaced them with inexperienced men. In Highland Park, women members of the United Auto [...]
Unemployed Single Women Demonstrate for Jobs
As millions of men lost their jobs during the Great Depression, many began to argue that women (particularly married women) should not be occupying the scarce jobs that remained. When women could find jobs, employers routinely paid them less than [...]
Progressive Era Activists Call for Trade Unions (with text supports)
Founded in 1903, the Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) was an organization that brought together working-class women, reformers, and women from wealthy and prominent families. The WTUL believed that the best way to help women workers was to help [...]
Seal of the National Women’s Trade Union League
Founded in 1903, the Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) was an organization that brought together working-class women, reformers, and women from wealthy and prominent families. League members believed that working women needed help to gain better [...]
Active Viewing: Heaven Will Protect the Working Girl "Setting the Scene" worksheet
This worksheet is designed to help students focus on the information presented during the first two minutes of the Heaven Will Protect the Working Girl documentary.
Active Viewing: Heaven Will Protect the Working Girl Vocabulary
These words and phases from the Heaven Will Protect the Working Girl documentary may be unfamiliar to students.
Active Viewing: Daughters of Free Men
In this activity, students watch short clips of the ASHP documentary Daughters of Free Men to learn about the experiences of Lowell mill girls in the 1830s. Students follow the life of Lucy, a young girl working in Lowell in 1836. After each clip, [...]
Background Essay on Heaven Will Protect the Working Girl
This essay explains the significance of young female immigrants in the labor upheavals that helped define the Progressive Era.
AFL Member Expresses Worry About Women in Industry (1897)
Toward the end of the nineteenth century, many Americans worried about the social and economic consequences of the visibly growing numbers of women employed in U.S. factories. The American Federationist, a publication of the American Federation of [...]