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Table of the Quota System Targeting Specific Immigrant Groups
In the years after World War I, Congress passed the Quota Act of 1921, followed by the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act. The 1924 Act established a quota for the total number of immigrants allowed per annum at [...]
Graph of "Social Inadequacy" Among Immigrant Groups, 1922
Proponents of eugenics believed that various forms of "social inadequacy", including mental illness, criminality, and physical handicaps, were the result of inherited genetic traits. Some studies, such as this one from 1922, attempted to link these [...]
Tables Show Chinese Labor Distribution and Wage Discrepancies in Late 19th Century San Francisco
This chart shows the numbers of Chinese immigrants employed in various occupations in San Francisco from 1860-1880. Although the data is incomplete, the chart shows that the vast majority of Chinese worked in menial jobs as laundry workers, [...]
Graph of Mid-19th Century Emigration from Ireland to New York
This graph shows the number of arrivals in New York City ports from Britain and Ireland from 1841-1855. Before 1847, records did not usually distinguish between immigrants from the two countries (Ireland remained a part of the United Kingdom until [...]
Bar Graph of the Growth of New York City's Population in the Nineteenth Century
New York City's population grew exponentially during the mid-nineteenth century, largely as a result of huge numbers of immigrants arriving from Ireland and Germany.
Table of Emigrant Savings Bank Account Records
This sample of account records from Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank provides evidence about the lives of immigrants living in New York City during the mid-nineteenth century. All account holders included in this sample lived in the Five Points [...]
Statistics about Life in Five Points
Five Pointers were destitute when they arrived and settled in New York’s poorest and most run-down neighborhood. On top of this, Irish Five Pointers worked for some of the lowest wages in the most dangerous and unstable jobs in the city. [...]
Chart of Money Shown by Immigrants on Admission to the United States, 1905-1909
Immigration officials asked each new immigrant to report how much money they had. The purpose of the question was to determine whether the immigrant had enough money to reach his or her destination. Officials also wanted to deny admission to anyone [...]
Graph of Percentage of Teens Ages 14-18 Enrolled in School, 1910
Many immigrant teenagers dropped out of school in order to work. Teenage workers often gave their wages to their parents, in order to help pay for their families’ rent, food, and clothing. Teenagers worked in the same types of jobs as their [...]
Graphs of Immigrant Household Relationships by Gender and Ethnicity, 1910
Ellis Island immigrants lived in all sorts of arrangements. If people immigrated by themselves, it was common for them to live as boarders, paying rent, to someone else. Taking in boarders was an important source of income for other immigrant [...]