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"What Does the Negro Want?" African-American Demands for Citizenship
Professor John R. Hawkins wrote this short pamphlet on behalf of the NAACP. In it he outlines African Americans' demands for justice and equality at home following World War I. The NAACP makes 14 demands in response to Wilson's "14 Points," in [...]
Black Chicagoans Describe Their Great Migration Experiences
In the summer of 1919, violence broke out between whites and African Americans in Chicago. The five-day riot left thirty-eight people dead and more than five hundred people injured. The city formed a Commission on Race Relations to study what [...]
What Was Jim Crow?
This activity introduces students to the term Jim Crow and the concept of legally mandated racial segregation.
Debate: How Should African Americans Achieve Equality?
In this activity students role play a debate among four African-American leaders at the turn of the century, about what strategy the black community should adopt to achieve full equality in the twentieth century. Students research their roles by [...]