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A Pentagon Official Observes the Situation in South Vietnam
John T. McNaughton was Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. He was considered McNamara's heir apparent as Secretary of Defense, but died in a plane crash with his wife and son on a commercial domestic flight in July [...]
John Kerry Testifies before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
On April 22, 1971, John Kerry, representing Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), testified before the Foreign Relations Committee of the U.S. Senate. The following day, April 23, 1971, Kerry and hundreds of other VVAW veterans threw medals, [...]
A Postal Worker Testifies Before the Loyalty-Security Program
Executive Order 9835, signed by President Truman on March 21, 1947, established a loyalty-security program for the executive branch of the federal government. Federal employees were required to take a political test to identify "subversive" [...]
National Security Council Report 68 (Excerpt)
This National Security Council Report from April 1950 outlines the U.S. Government's response to the challenges presented by the Cold War, including the policy of "containment" that sought to limit Soviet expansion "by all means short of war." The [...]
The U.S. Government Reports on "Soviet Intentions and Capabilities"
This U.S. government intelligence report from 1950 attempts to assess the U.S.S.R.'s military and economic capabilities, while warning that the Soviet Union's avowed intentions include the destruction and/or capitulation of the United States. The [...]
The FBI Sets Goals for COINTELPRO
Under Director J. Edgar Hoover, the FBI's COINTELPRO (Counterintelligence Program) was aimed at investigating and disrupting dissident political groups within the United States. In the 1960's, COINTELPRO's targets frequently included civil rights [...]
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Following this historic act, the Assembly called upon all member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and [...]
Black Activist in Appalachia Argues for Food Stamps (1968)
Mary Rice Farris, a Black woman born and raised in Kentucky, became an activist and fought on behalf of poor, Black Appalachian citizens. In February 1968, she testified as part of U.S. Senate hearings on federal aid to low-income families. Facing [...]
The FBI Targets the American Indian Movement (1972)
Shortly before the 1972 presidential elections, members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) took over the Washington, D.C. offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The occupation came at the end of the Trail of Broken Treaties, a months’ long [...]
A Feminist Draws Parallels Between African Americans' and Women's Rights
The March on Washington and other demonstrations finally brought Congress close to passing a sweeping civil rights bill in 1964. At the last moment, and to the surprise of many, "sex" was added to the clause that would prevent employment [...]