- Historical Eras > Industrialization and Expansion (1877-1913) (x)
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The Wall Street Journal Argues for Immigration "Distribution, Not Prevention" (Short Version, with text supports)
This Wall St. Journal article acknowledges some of the problems that accompanied early-twentieth-century immigration—urban overcrowding, the strain on local resources, threats posed by foreign anarchists—but argues that immigrants should [...]
“The High Tide of Immigration—A National Menace”
This cartoon appeared in the weekly humor magazine Judge in 1903. It reflects the alarm among some Americans at the growing number of immigrants from countries in Southern and Eastern Europe (such as Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary) and the [...]
Analysis Worksheet: Debating Immigration Restriction Images
This worksheet is designed to help students compare and contrast a political cartoon and a propaganda poster about immigration and restriction from the early twentieth century.
Debating Immigration Restriction Character worksheets
These worksheets help students analyze primary sources and cite evidence supporting various perspectives in the early 20th century debate over immigration restriction.
New York City−A tramp's ablutions−An early morning scene in Madison Square.
From 1873 to 1878, the U.S. experienced its first nationwide economic depression of the industrial era. It affected Americans across the country. Families watched their children go hungry. Nationally, millions were out of work. During the winter of [...]
The American Frankenstein
Supported by government funds, railroad building boomed after the Civil War. There were only 2,000 miles of track in 1850; by 1877 there were nearly 80,000 miles in use. Railroad owners controlled tens of thousands of employees and hundreds of [...]
Background Essay on Iron Horses and Indians
This essay discusses the impact of the transcontinental railroad on Native American life. It focuses on the role of buffalo hunters in the federal government's policy of Indian removal. This essay, and the related Iron Horse vs. the Buffalo [...]
An African-American Socialist Lends His Support to Railroad Strikers
A nationwide rebellion brought the United States to a standstill in the summer of 1877. Eighty thousand railroad workers walked off the job, joined by hundreds of thousands of Americans outraged by the excesses of the railroad companies and the [...]
1877: The Grand Army of Starvation Vocabulary (for chapters on "The Centennial Exposition" and "The Railroad")
This is a vocabulary list for chapters on "The Centennial Exposition" and "The Railroad" in the 1877: The Grand Army of Starvation documentary.
Background Essay on San Francisco's Chinatown (short version, with text supports)
This essay describes the origins of San Francisco's Chinatown, as well as some of its major economic, political, and social features. The essay also describes the challenges San Francisco's Chinese community faced from the city's white politicians [...]